1. Introduction. Many antioxidant compounds can be found in fruits and vegetables including phenolics, carotenoids, anthocyanins, and tocopherols [].Approximately 20% of known plants have been used in pharmaceutical studies, impacting the healthcare system in positive ways such as treating cancer and harmful diseases …
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Catechin content in tea increases with the amount of tea used and with increased infusion time, however catechin concentrations and antiradical activity seem to peak at 4–5 min of brew time [234,237]. Tannin content in foods and tea can be influenced by region, variety, processing methods, and storage time [233,234,238].
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Abiotic stresses, as the ones caused by light incidence, temperature, humidity, water and nutrients availability, heavy metals and salinity in the soil, have been demonstrated to significantly affect the content of SMs in plants (Sampaio et al. 2016; Khan et al. 2016; Bernstein et al. 2010).Biotic stresses are consequences of damages induced by living …
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Tannins and Plant Nutrient Uptake. The presence of tannins in the water can influence the way aquatic plants absorb and utilize nutrients. Tannins can form complexes with certain nutrients, making them more readily available for plant uptake. This can enhance the efficiency of nutrient absorption, leading to improved plant growth and …
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1. Introduction. The word "tannin" originates from the ancient Celtic word for oak and was introduced by Seguin to explain the ability to convert hide or skin into leather by a plant extract in 1796 (Hagerman, 2002).Generally, tannins are obtained from natural renewable resources, i.e., plants (Pizzi, 2008; Ramakrishnan and Krishnan, 1994) …
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Different phenolic contents of different plant samples have been reported in the literature 12,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25.For instance, the total phenol content of sage and peppermint was 27.94 and ...
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Plant tannins are used as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics, and many factors have been described by researchers which contribute to the variability in their efficiencies. ... The highest values for low tannin content and high tannin content were found for the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility, and the average medium tannin ...
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However, the amount of these compounds depends on several factors, such as plant cultivar/genotype, growing environment conditions, soil characteristics, harvest, and storage. Flavonols that comprise, for example, quercetin, kaempferol, fisetin, isorhamnetin, and myricetin are abundant in green leaves, fruits, and grains [ 26, 27 ] ( …
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Because plants mainly contain nonheme iron, even if its iron content is high, absorption of iron is low due to plant-based molecule–iron interactions. 40 Red meat is the most significant source of iron since it is rich in heme iron, which is highly bioavailable. 41,42 Since 30–70% of the iron in meat is in the form of heme, the iron ...
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1. Introduction. Tannins are polyphenols sometimes called plant polyphenols [], although originally the name tannin was given to the plant extracts exhibiting astringency, without knowing their chemical structures.The features distinguishing tannins from plant polyphenols of other types are basically the properties of the former: binding …
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Decoction is a method used to extract heat-stable, oil-soluble compounds such as saponins, tannins, and flavonoids from hard plant materials such ... Other factors affecting the properties of NADESs include water content and temperature. ... glucose (8:1) (3.06 mg/g DW) and tartaric acid: glycine (4:1) (3.03 mg/g). The anthocyanin …
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Similarly, when plants are exposed to other abiotic factors can also affect their life cycle. Under drought conditions, the concentration of ferulic acid decreased, while the p-coumaric acid and caffeic acid increased in maize xylem sap, which could be supportive in stiffening and lignification of the cell wall [ 185 ].
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Plant flavonoids are important natural bioactive compounds. • Flavonoid classification and plants rich in flavonoids are summarized. • Flavonoid functions in biological processes in plants are reviewed. • Transcription factors regulate the biosynthesis of plant flavonoids. • Epidemic evidence, in vitro and in vivo studies reveal ...
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21.3.4 Complex Tannins. Complex tannins are formed when, a hydrolysable unit binds with a gallotannins or an ellagitannins through a glycoside linkage. An example of complex tannin is acutissimin A (27), which is isolated from the bark Korean chestnut (Castanea crenata) (Okuda and Ito 2011).This is a flavo-galloyl unit bound …
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As a plant secondary metabolites, flavonoids and the other phenolics are found in several plant species, type and amount of the chemical components are vary depending on species and affecting by environmental factors i.e., mineral at the growth locality and geographic origin .
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The tannin content may vary depending on the plant species, the specific part of the plant and external factors (i.e. harvest time, time of the year, intensity of …
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Main factors affecting dietary plant polyphenols content and bioavailability. ... TPC, total flavonoid and total tannin content: All analyzed compounds —optimal values at 27 °C for 72 h Antioxidant activity —the best one was obtained in a sample fermented at 27 °C for 24 h
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The anti-nutrients in plant foods are enzyme inhibitors, phytates, tannins, oxalates, saponins, lectins, etc. (Popova and Mihaylova 2019). ANFs considerably affect the nutritional values of foods; hence, reduction or elimination of these factors from plant foods is now a major goal to improve human nutrition.
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Factors Affecting Tannin Levels in Chamomile Tea. Several factors can influence the tannin content in chamomile tea, much like in traditional teas. These include: Harvesting Time: The age of chamomile flowers at the time of harvest can affect tannin concentration. Younger plants tend to have lower tannin levels.
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In this study, we investigated the effects of environmental factors on plant phenolic variability, seasonal dynamics of total phenolic content (TP), extractable …
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Tannin content varies by plant species, harvest season, habitat, and extraction method from 0.2 to 25 % DW. Tannins can hinder ruminant digestion and absorption, affecting nutrition. Reduced feed intake, weight gain, and milk output can result.
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Tannins are abundant in nature and have garnered a lot of attention thanks to their wide range of possible uses. The quantity present in a plant varies depending on factors such as the geographic location, biological source, specific species, population size and location within the tree (whether it is in the inner or outer wood).
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Among the vast amount of plant secondary compounds, tannins quantitatively dominate, representing the fourth most abundant group of compounds in vascular plant tissue after cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin. 7 Plants can contain up to 20 % of their dry weight in tannins; 7, 8 the amount, however, changes in response to …
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1. Introduction. The generation of highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) with a lone unpaired electron induce oxidative stress and plays a key role in the pathogenesis of numerous physiological conditions, including cellular injury, aging, cancer, and hepatic, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular and renal disorders [1,2].Environmental pollutants, …
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Tannins are natural bioactive compounds found in plants that have various functions, such as protection, growth regulation and tanning. This review article …
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The review focuses on Fe, Zn, Ca and the factors affecting their bioavailability. • The factors affecting Fe, Zn & Ca bioavailability have been critically reviewed. • Phytate, tannin & ascorbic acid effects on nutrients bioavailability are reviewed. • The effects of food processing techniques & minerals interaction have been reviewed.
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To cope with biotic and abiotic stresses, plant responses are regulated by defence-related phytohormones such as salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene …
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Plant Age and Leaf Maturity. Because tannins play a role in growth, fast-growing young tea plants and immature tea leaves tend to have a higher tannin content and more astringency. (10) Altitude. According to some evidence, tea from high-altitude plants may have lower tannin content, while low-altitude plants appear to produce …
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Black bean polyphenols, fractionated by adsorption chromatography into tannins and non-tannins, were assayed with Prussian blue, Folin-Denis, and corrected and uncorrected vanillin tests. The results obtained suggest that the Prussian blue assay is the most convenient for tannin determination.
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Major anti-nutritional factors, which are found in edible crops include saponins, tannins, phytic acid, gossypol, lectins, protease inhibitors, amylase …
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Tannin is a group of phenolic compounds in plants that protect them from herbivores and have various industrial and medical …
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Since tannins are found at high concentrations in forest plants, they can have far-reaching ecological effects. This chapter provides an overview of their diverse functions in defense against...
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interactions of proteins and tannins in the plant sample of interest. For example, different leaf extracts analyzed for their tannin content, ranked differently when analyzed by precipitation with BSA or ribulose-l,5-diphosphate carboxylase, the major protein in leaves.14 Second, astringency of tannins may not be their only
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Tannins are highly hydroxylated compounds that include a large diversity of chemical structures. Tannins are widespread in plant foods, particularly in legume …
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Antinutritional factors may be broadly grouped into, (i) Factors with a depressive effect on protein digestion and on the utilization of protein, such as protease inhibitors, tannins, and saponins, (ii) Factors that affect mineral utilization, which includes phytates, (iii) Factors that stimulate the immune system and may cause a damaging ...
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Tannins are highly hydroxylated compounds that include a large diversity of chemical structures. Tannins are widespread in plant foods, particularly in legume seeds, cereal grains, fruits, nuts, and vegetables, as well …
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leaf tannin content with insect herbivore performance (Feeny, 1968; 1970). Since tannins ... chelation by tannins has also been shown to affect the plant pathogen Dicke ya dadantii. Romani c05.tex ...
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