Chemical fertilizers containing (N, P, or K) are used too much in modern agricultural systems to meet plant nutritional requirements and increase crop yields (Kumar et al., 2022). Owing to low fertilizer usage efficiency, only a small portion (30 – 40%) of such nutrients are taken up by the plants, with the balance becoming lost to the soil ...
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Calculation of potential availability of paunch manure as bioethanol feedstock. The LQ analysis was based on the number of cattle slaughtered and the cattle population in Karanganyar Regency and Central Java Province between 2018 to 2022 (Table 2), according to Statistics of Livestock and Animal Health 2022.The analysis was …
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Jatropha curcas Plant as A potential Biodiesel Feedstock in Indonesia 97 Table 2. Utilization of Jatropha curcas Plant Whole Plant Root Leaf Latex Seed Barks Twig - Prevent erosion - Fence land - Decoration - Green manure - Prevent desertificati on - Medicine - Medincine (piles, malaria) - Medicine (cancer) - For making: varnish,
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After overseeing the opening preparation of Plant 5 last week, the minister expressed hope that ammonia and urea fertilizer could become the magnet for industry and investment, especially the petrochemical sector in eastern Indonesia. The plant became operational in January 2015 and the production capacity is aimed to continue …
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The feedstock for all fertilizer plants in Indonesia is natural gas, the production of which is also controlled by the government. Approximately 8 percent of natural gas production …
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Pupuk Kaltim is an Indonesian state-owned fertilizer production company located in Bontang, East Borneo. Pupuk Kaltim produces a total of 2.74 million tonnes of ammonia annually from five ammonia plants licensed by KBR and Topsoe. This makes Pupuk Kaltim the largest fertilizer company in southeast Asia.
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Microalgae biofuel production is commercially viable because it is cost competitive with fossil based fuels, does not require extra lands, improves the air quality by absorbing atmospheric CO 2, and utilizes minimal water [].However, microalgae biofuels have some disadvantages such as low biomass production, low lipid content in the cells, …
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Share of feedstock for fertilizer and petrochemical production costs is around 70%. The high gas price is because the gas gas price contract uses is a fixed price mechanism …
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From the perspective of sustainable agri-food production, farmers need to make the best use of natural resources. Biochar can be a solution to adopt a more sustainable way of farming. Despite its environmental and agronomic advantages, biochar has a low plant nutrient value. This study evaluated the effect of biochar and the co …
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The development of SBE waste management industries that have licenses in Indonesia are still very lower. This is causes a pile up of SBE waste. ... Vegetable Oil can be reused as feedstock for biodiesel (Kheang et al, 2007; Adadetuyi et al, 2014; Suryani et al, 2017) and ... NPK fertilizer (Purba et al, 2018; Anugrah et al, 2020).
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80–90% of fossil fuels are used to provide energy, their use as feedstock to produce plastics, fertilizers, and chemicals, is associated with substantial CO 2 emissions.However, ourunderstanding ...
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5 Use of fertilizer For poor quality soils fertilizer containing small amount of calcium, magnesium, and sulphur can increase yields. Can also use pressed cake from
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The plant would get gas feedstock from nearby Kasuri block operated by Malaysia's Genting Oil & Gas, he said. ... Fransiska reports on energy and commodity news in Indonesia, a major exporter of ...
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OPB has been actively pursued as a low-cost feedstock for solid fuel and biochar to reduce the amounts of OPB in landfills, and these uses represent some of …
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Fertilizers are a relatively small cost component in agriculture and cannot be avoided. The cost of ammonia production is somewhat determined by the cost of feedstock, which for the majority of the ammonia plants is natural gas. New ammonia projects tend to be cyclical, driven by product demand and positioned where feedstock …
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In a modern plant, nitrogen fertilizer is produced from natural gas. In several transformation steps, natural gas, essentially methane, is upgraded by combination with nitrogen from the air to form nitrogen fertilizer. 80% of the gas is used as feedstock for fertilizer, while 20% is used for heating the process and producing electricity.
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One of the alternatives for biodiesel feedstock is oil from Jatropha curcas plant. The advantages ofusing this plant are due to its ability to grow in poor soils, different parts of the plant can ...
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Natural gas is the main and preferred feedstock for urea manufacture. This paper analyzes and estimates projected demand of natural gas in the next two decades. ... J. Parikh et al. / Energy 34 ...
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as feedstock. Share of feedstock for fertilizer and petrochemical production costs is around 70%. The high ... Pupuk Indonesia plant profile which estimates the investment cost. ... et al, 2014; Fertecon, 2019). Figure 2. Non gas cost urea production In Figures 3, the gas costs more volatile. In general, the gas price contract uses fixed price ...
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As shown in the map given in Fig. 2 below, out of 12 gas based plants and 4 mixed feedstock based plants, 50% of them are located in the states rich in natural gas. Data analysis also shows that the average energy efficiency score of 14 gas based and mixed feedstock based plants for the sample period is more than 0.9.
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1. Introduction. Indonesia is a leading palm oil producer, supplying approximately 60% of the palm oil used in the world [1].The oil palm industry is Indonesia's most crucial agricultural business and accounts for approximately 7.5% of total exports [2].The productivity is much higher for oil palms (3–5 t/ha/yr) than for other oilseeds, …
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According to studies, agricultural fertilizer use and animal production cause over 80% of anthropogenic nitrous oxide, 70% of ammonia and nearly 10% of nitrogen monoxide emissions (Litskas, 2023; Pan et al., 2022). About 50% of ammonia fertilizer utilized supports crops, while the rest contributes to pollution, forming nitric and sulfuric …
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biofuels use waste materials as feedstock, while third and fourth-generation use microalgae. However, only 12% of the current biofuel production are drop-in or second …
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The main fertilizer products in Indonesia are urea, ammonium sulfate, NPK complex, and superphosphate. ... The feedstock for all fertilizer plants in Indonesia is natural gas, the production of which is also controlled by the government. ... (Osorio et al. 2011). The fiscal cost of fertilizer are likely to increase in the future due to raw material
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This study is based on an existing nitrogen fertilizer plant located in East Kalimantan in Borneo Island. East Kalimantan is used as a case study because it has a conventional urea plant that has been operating since 1977 and natural gas reserves in the area are declining. For development of sustainable urea, diversification of feedstock is ...
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The use of organomineral fertilizers appears to have positive effects on both soil and plant responses, and it can be a useful tool in waste management plans (Smith et al. 2020; Kominko et al. 2017). The physical qualities of mineral fertilizers, such as increased porosity and granule density, are improved by adding organic content.
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In the past 20 years, the seaweed farming and production process have increased significantly, and play the important role in the fishing industry by country (Cai et al. 2021).According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) data, the global seaweed output (both aquaculture and wild) has increased nearly three-fold from …
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A total of 37.5 million tons of palm empty fruit bunches (EFBs) produced in Indonesia in 2018 have the potential to be used as an alternative eco-friendly solid fuel.
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3 Control of feedstock quality 8 3.1 Feedstock categories 8 3.2 Feedstock description 10 4 Unwanted impurities 11 4.1 Physical impurities 11 4.2 Chemical impurities 11 4.2.1 Heavy metals 11 4.2.2 Organic pollutants 13 4.2.3 Feedstock selection and ongoing quality control 14 4.3 Pathogens and other unwanted biological matter 15
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The future of biomass-based fertilizers in Indonesia holds great potential, with research and development efforts resulting in innovations in production processes, feedstock management, and...
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Biomass-based fertilizers, derived from plant or animal matter, are a sustainable alternative to synthetic fertilizers, derived from renewable sources and encouraging sustainable agricultural practices. ... Indonesia can achieve its agricultural development goals. However, Indonesia faces challenges in feedstock availability, …
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This study examines the energy, economic, and environmental advantages of biogas produced from cow dung if it were to replace coal-powered electricity and LPG in …
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This document outlines the potential and benefits of biomass energy for agriculture communities and rural development in ASEAN. It also identifies the challenges and …
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Indonesia has a long history as sugar producer and is one of the top 10 sugarcane producers in the world. The country was self-sufficient until 1985, as reported by the Indonesian Sugar Cane Statistics (Badan Pusat Statistik [BPS] 2013).Sugarcane crop plantations cover 445 thousand hectares mainly in Java (60.3%) and Sumatra (36.7%) …
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