DG ad ¼ c l g coshþc s c DA¼ ¼ 0 ð2:2Þ where c l s is the liquid–solid interfacial energy, c l g is the liquid–gas interfacial energy, c s g is the solid–gas interfacial energy, and h is the contact angle. The process of adhesion of the liquid to the granular solid is possible, pass from the Stage I to the Stage II in Fig. 2.2, due to the free energy of the process during
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requirements, so the added amount of bentonite in the VTM pellets preparation process is set as 1%. At 1% bentonite addition, the moisture content of the pellet was determined to
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The binder is an important additive widely applied in pelletizing iron ore concentrates, making iron ore pellets available as feedstocks for blast furnace ironmaking or direct reduction processes ...
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Traditionally, fine ores are treated either by the process of sintering and/or by pelletizing to prepare an agglomerate with suitable metallurgical characteristics for ironmaking processes.
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To use vanadium–titanium magnetite (VTM) resources for sintering, a composite agglomeration process (CAP) is applied. This paper studies the effects of pelletizing parameters, including particle size, moisture content and bentonite content on VTM green pellets, composite agglomeration process and mineralogy. The …
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The sintering process begins with preparation of a sinter mixture consisting of iron ore fines, fluxes, solid fuel (called bonding agents in Japan) such as coke breeze, and return fines from the sinter plant as well as recycled ferruginous materials from downstream iron and steelmaking processes.
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pelletizing process can operate at lower basicity compared to the sintering process, requiring much lower flux additions as a result. Flux additions have a net diluting effect …
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Although iron ore concentrates are generally higher in iron grade and contain lower impurities, the finer size distribution of concentrates limits their usage in iron ore sintering. Therefore, pelletizing is needed to produce fired pellets from concentrates as burden materials for blast furnaces and direct reduction processes.
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The final aim is to control the entire process based on online measurement of the quality (strength and metallurgical composition) of the burned pellets. Raw material preparation and mixing Green pelletizing Pellet hardening (indurating) 1 2 …
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This is the process of converting iron ore fines into 'uniformed sized iron ore pellets' which can be charged directly into a blast furnace or into a vertical furnace or rotary kiln normally used for the production of direct reduced iron (DRI). Typically, limestone, dolomite and olivine are added and Bentonite is used as binder.
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Process objective is to transform fine iron ore concentrate into pellets suitable to feed Blast Furnace or Direct Reduction plant or COREX. Pelletisation was invented to make …
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melting and sintering coarse iron ore 1 to 3mm in size into products having a size of 15 to 30mm. The sintering process uses the combustion heat of coke breeze (fuel). Pellets are made from iron ore that is finer than that used for sintered ore. The ore fine is formed into spheroids, called green balls, approximately 12mm in diameter.
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A critical comparative analysis of technologies for preparation of ore and technogenic materials before metallurgical processing was conducted in this research. Briquetting, sintering, pelletizing and direct use of fines (processing without agglomeration) were conditionally emphasized among these technologies. The roller …
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3.1 Impact of Biopellet on Sintering Temperature Profiles. Figure 3 shows the temperature profile observed during iron ore sintering process at different proportions of biopellet. With an increase in biopellet the maximum temperature within the sinter bed reduces. In the presence of biomass, the water content required to granulate the sinter …
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A brief introduction to recent developments in iron ore pelletizing is provided in this chapter, including the world output of fired pellets, pellet production …
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Sintering is a thermal agglomeration process that is applied to a mixture of iron ore fines, recycled ironmaking products, fluxes, slag-forming agents, and solid fuel (coke). The purpose of the sintering process is manufacturing a product with the suitable characteristics (thermal, mechanical, physical and chemical) to be fed to the blast furnace.
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The sintering process can be defined as a thermal agglomeration process that is applied to a mixture of iron ore fines, recycled ironmaking products, fluxes, slag-forming agents, and solid fuel (coke) with the objective of obtaining a product with the suitable characteristics (thermal, mechanical, physical, and chemical) to be fed to the …
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The iron ore pellet holds a pivotal role in the ironmaking process, enabling the utilization of high-grade ore and the upgrading of low-grade deposits [1]. This …
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PDF | Sintering is a thermal agglomeration process that is applied to a mixture of iron ore fines, recycled ironmaking products, …
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1. Introduction. Iron ore pellets are one of the significant sources of iron for iron and steel making due to their superior metallurgical performance, low energy consumption, and less emission of environmentally harmful dust and gases during the production process [1], [2], [3].The two primary raw materials for pellet production are …
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A critical comparative analysis of technologies for preparation of ore and technogenic materials before metallurgi-cal processing was conducted in this research. Briquetting, sintering, pelletizing and direct use of fines (process-ing without agglomeration) were conditionally emphasized among these technologies. The roller-press briquetting,
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In this paper, low-grade limonitic nickel laterite and chromite were synergistically utilized via the hybrid sintering process (i.e., pellet-sintering process) for high-quality Ni–Cr sinter preparation and great carbon emission reduction. Under the optimum process conditions, Ni–Cr sinter indices were substantially improved in the …
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Sintered ore is made by partially melting and sintering coarse iron ore 1 to 3mm in size into products having a size of 15 to 30mm. The sintering process uses the combustion heat …
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The process of sintering begins with the preparation of the raw materials consisting of iron ore fines, fluxes, in-plant metallurgical waste materials, fuel and return fines of the sinter plant. These materials are mixed in a rotating pelletizing drum and water is added in order to reach proper agglomeration of the raw materials mix.
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Although iron ore concentrates are generally higher in iron grade and contain lower impurities, the finer size distribution of concentrates limits their usage in iron ore sintering. Therefore, pelletizing is needed to produce fired pellets from concentrates as burden materials for blast furnaces and direct reduction (DR) processes.
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Enhancing the reduction of carbon and nitrogen gaseous oxides in the iron ore sintering process is crucial for steel plants to meet ultra-low emission standards. The progress of technologies targeting low nitrogen oxide emissions in sintering is analyzed, focusing on gas-phase and gas-solid reactions. ... These granulation pellets comprise fuel ...
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This study focused on improving recycling of carbon-bearing dusts from integrated steel plants by the composite agglomeration process (CAP), in which four types of the dusts were prepared as pelletized feed, while the other raw materials were used as matrix feed for sintering to produce agglomeration product as a substitute for traditional …
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An efficient sintering process was proposed based on the autocatalytic denitrification of the sintered ore. The catalytic denitrification of sintered ore, the effect of double-layer ignition sintering process on the emission reduction in nitrogen oxides, and the impact on the quality of sintered ore were studied.
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The iron and steel manufacturing sector directly accounts for 7–9% of global CO2 emissions. Raw material preparation, such as iron ore sintering, pelletizing, and cock making, is the major CO2 ...
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