Chloride ion corrosion has been considered to be one of the main reasons for durability deterioration of reinforced concrete structures in marine or chlorine-containing deicing salt environments. This paper studies the relationship between the amount of fly ash and the durability of concrete, especially the resistance to chloride ion erosion. The …
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The relationship between fly ash chemistry and the thermal formation of polychlorinated pollutants during ... chlorinated POPs were formed in larger quantities when burning the waste with the higher content of ... I. Contamination of surface, ground, and drinking water from pharmaceutical production Jerker Fick, Hanna Söderström, ...
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Class F fly ash i s produced by burning of anthracite ... the reduction in water d emand. The finer fly ash is preferred as it . leads to a bigger saving in cost by reduc ing water demand.
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Water/(cement + fly ash) of 0.35, 0.45, and 0.55 were used, and concrete without fly ash and those containing 20 and 30 % fly ash as replacement by mass for cement were made. Their results showed that the concrete containing S ≤ 30 % fly ash performed satisfactorily under the scaling test with minor exceptions (see Tables 2.22 …
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2. Classification of Fly Ash. Based on ASTM C 618, FA is categorized based on its chemical composition into two main classes: Class C and Class F [34,35].These classes of FA differ mainly in the quantities of four critical constituents in the ash: silica SiO 2 (35–60%), calcium CaO (1–35%), iron Fe 2 O 3 (4–20%), and alumina Al 2 O 3 …
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Air pollution can influence the quality of soil and water bodies by polluting precipitation, falling into water and soil environments (34, 36). Notably, the chemistry of the soil can be amended due to acid precipitation by affecting plants, cultures, and water quality . Moreover, movement of heavy metals is favored by soil acidity, and metals ...
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The quantities of water, total cementitious material and fine and course aggregate vary between the mixes, and do not necessarily follow the mass of fly ash in a continuous manner (see Table 1).This reflects the complex nature of concrete mix design, whereby different adjustments to water, cementitious material and aggregate content …
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Additionally, the environmental assessment is covered, including the treatment of fly ash and leachate, contribution to climate change, and public behavior. Hodgkinson, et al. (2022) described waste-to-energy (WTE) as an essential technology for the life cycle in removing these substances. They discussed also in the mini-review the pollutants ...
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Due to rapid development and urbanization, electricity demand is increasing daily. Coal-based thermal power plants are one of the major sources of electricity. A by-product of thermal power plants is fly ash; every year, huge amounts of fly ash are generated globally. Disposal of fly ash in landfills needs a vast area and poses various …
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Question: Which of the following items reduces the water demand in a typical concrete mix? Substitution of fly ash for some portion of the cement in the mix. All of the above Use of air entraining admixture The use of subangular aggregate instead of crushed stone.
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In order to design the economical and environment-friendly alkali-activated slag-fly ash geopolymer concrete with high compressive strength and better understand the effects of various factors on compressive strength, this paper firstly adopted four machine learning algorithms including Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), Random Forest …
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Many concrete ready-mix plants now have multiple silos for storing and dispatching a range of cements and additives, including fly ash. Photo: National Ready Mixed Concrete Association Two and a half …
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In this study, SVR was used to analyze the relationship between LIBS spectra and the carbon content of fly ash. According to the analyzed results of the …
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The effect of fly ash amended soil are listed in Table 1. An addition of 40% (v/v) fly ash altered soil texture, bulk density, water holding capacity and particle size …
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This study explores the prediction of shear strength in fly ash-stabilized clayey soil using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Support Vector Regression (SVR). Clayey soils, characterized by low shear strength and high plasticity, present significant challenges in construction, necessitating effective stabilization methods. Fly ash, a byproduct of …
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The durability of SC-mortar has increased with increasing fly ash content, and there was an exceptional increment in water ingression time (T25) with an increase in fly ash content from 25% to 35% ...
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The Relationship between Unburned Carbon Levels in Coal Combustion Ash and Volatile Matter Content in Coal. Serdar Yilmaz Department of Mining Engineering, ... In this study, considering a specific coal fired power plant, fly ash samples were analyzed in terms of unburned carbon (UBC) and amount of UBC in these samples were …
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Such performance may be correlated to ash content of individual coal, as coal N have lower ash ((24 ± 4.1)%) compared to coal A ((31 ± 5)% ash) and coal D ((36 ± 6)% ash). This inferred that, for optimum combustion performance coal should have 20%–35% ash along with fuel ratio around 1.4–1.5.
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1. Introduction. On-line detection of the combustion status of the coal-fired boilers is one of the necessary steps to achieve the combustion control process in boilers, and the unburned carbon content in fly ash is one of the indexes to evaluate the combustion states [1].The recognized determination method for unburned carbon in fly …
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The effects of climate change are widespread and rapidly intensifying and are largely driven by greenhouse-gas emissions from burning fossil fuels. 1 Global mean temperatures have already ...
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The carbonation of concrete structures is becoming a more serious problem as the global CO 2 level increases, and poses a great challenge to concrete durability research. In this study, a hybrid prediction framework on the basis of the least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) and metaheuristic algorithms is proposed to …
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Reaction degree of fly ash in blended cement pastes with w/b = 0.50 and various fly ash contents at 20 ° C as a function of curing age in this study.
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Fly ash (FA) has been widely used in cement-based materials, but limited work has been conducted to establish the relationship between the compressive …
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The increase of fly ash facilitates C-S-H cementing; when all the water is consumed during the hydration of cement and fly ash, the fly ash added will only serve …
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2 Fly ash powder, NaOH, HCl, NH 3, alcohol, deionized water Smaller pH value plays an important role for dense aerogel; the aerogel shows ex cellent specific surface area and high thermal stability.
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Formation of Fly Ash. Fly ash is formed during the coal burning process in the boiler. Fly ash material solidifies while in suspension in the exhaust gases and is collected by electrostatic precipitators or filter bags. Since the particles are generally spherical in shape and range in size from 0.5 µm to 100 µm.
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In this study, SVR was used to analyze the relationship between LIBS spectra and the carbon content of fly ash. According to the analyzed results of the partition function ratio and the temperature correction factor, the quantitative model was established using SVR combined with the Matrix Effect Correction Factor (MECF) for optimization.
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Tang et al. [23] introduced a hybrid machine learning model that combined Support Vector Regression (SVR) with Grid Search (GS) to accurately predict the CS of fly ash concrete. Through ...
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The research conducted on fly ash-GGBS-based concrete represents a significant contribution to the construction. The study involved the use of Anaconda-based Python programming, to illustrate and analyze a database taken from the published literature (Mallikarjuna & Gunneswara, 2018).The database contains valuable …
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Geopolymer, produced by the reaction of fly ash with an alkaline activator (mixture of Na2SiO3 and NaOH solutions), is an alternative to the use of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in the ...
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Key parameters such as the alkali activator modulus (AAM), alkali dosage (AD), and water-to-fly ash ratio (W/FA) were considered. The micromorphology, phase composition, and pore characteristics of FABGs were also examined, and the relationship between the alkali activation reaction degree and these microstructural characteristics was analyzed.
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The test results are shown in Figure 2 for the analysis of the relationship between age, fly ash content, and strength. ... Water Demand (%) Chemical Composition (%) SiO 2 Fe 2 O 3 Al 2 O 3 CaO Loss of Burning; 2.11: 17: 102: 59.61: 7.41: 21.33: 4.24: 1.78: Table 3. Mix proportion of CSG material. Table 3. Mix proportion of CSG material.
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